Päivitys tähän blogiin 12.1. 2018 WHO ohjelmista
http://www.who.int/apoc/en/
- Onkokerkiaasi eli jokisokeus on loistauti,jota kuljettaa joen varsilla ilmenevä mäkäräislaji Simulium. Loinen aiheuttaa sokeutta ja myös kutisevaa depigmentoivaa ihotautia. Sitä esiintyy sub-Saharan alueella, Jemenissä ja Latinalaisessa Amerikassa.
Onchocerciasis
- Onchocerciasis – or 'river blindness' – is a parasitic disease caused by the filarial worm Onchocerca volvulus. It is transmitted through the bites of infected Simulium blackflies, which breed in fast-flowing streams and rivers.Onchocerciasis is a major cause of blindness in many African
countries. About half a million people are blind or visually impaired
due to the disease. Onchocerciasis also causes ugly skin disease with
depigmentation and severe unrelenting itching. As a public health problem, the disease is most closely associated
with sub-Saharan Africa, but it is also prevalent in Yemen and Latin
America. In the past, fear of blindness led people to move away from the
fertile river valleys in the African savannah, reducing agricultural
productivity and increasing poverty.
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Mikä on tämän onchocerca-loisen elinsykli?
Se siirtyy ihmisestä ihmiseen mäkäräisen pureman kautta. Animaatiofilmi selvittää sen kiertokulkua ja leviämistä. se johtaa usein sokeuteen ihomuutosten lisäksi.
Animated life-cycle of Onchocerca volvulus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhym5SfWrWE
http://www.who.int/apoc/onchocerciasis/lifecycle/en/
- Miten tällaista tautia voidaan alkaa voittaa?
Paikallisväestön informointi on perustavaa laatua oleva asia, samoin apukeinojen antaminen kuten lääkkeen jako. Tässä kerrotaan ivermetin nimisen lääkkeen jakamisesta kylissä.
Community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI)
Helping communities help themselves
APOC
Trained volunteers distribute ivermectin in a village in Nkom, Cameroon
Community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) is at the
heart of APOC’s work to eliminate onchocerciasis. The strategy relies on
active community participation. It focuses on empowering communities to
take responsibility for ivermectin delivery – deciding how, when and by
whom the ivermectin treatment should be administered.
In the rural populations of sub-Saharan Africa where health
systems are weak and under-resourced, the community-directed treatment
strategy is proving to be one of Africa’s most successful in reducing
disease at low cost.
- Vektorimäkäräisen eliminointi on kallis strategia. Kolmena vuonna tuhottiin toukkia Tansaniassa, Quineassa ja Ugandassa ja se ohjelma päättyi 2005 ja tilannetta seurataan.
Vector elimination
In Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, and Equatorial
Guinea, there are four areas where mass treatment for onchocerciasis has
been supplemented by activities to
eliminate the blackfly vector.
Elsewhere in APOC countries, vector control is not feasible or
cost-effective, but in these four isolated foci, vector elimination is a
realistic target.
The vector control method of choice has been ground
larviciding
using environmentally safe insecticides. In all four areas, larviciding
activities continued for two to three years and finished by 2005. APOC
is now monitoring the areas and providing support for entomological
surveillance to confirm the elimination of the onchocerciasis vector.
- Minkälainen on onchocerciasiksen esiintymäkartta Afrikassa?
- 99% tapauksista esiintyy Afrikan mantereella ja siellä 30 eri maassa. Jokin focus löytyy Jemenistä ja Keski ja Etelä Amerikastakin. Tauti on nyt kartoitettu globaalisti hyvin, joten on luotavissa kansalliset ohjelmat taudin hallintaan
http://www.who.int/apoc/onchocerciasis/status/en/
Status of onchocerciasis in APOC countries
More than 99% of all cases of onchocerciasis and
onchocerciasis-related blindness are found in Africa. Onchocerciasis
occurs in 30 African countries. Isolated foci also exist in Yemen, and
six countries in central and South America.
By 2007 rapid epidemiological mapping of onchocerciasis (REMO)
had been totally or largely completed in all APOC countries. The
results of REMO enable the national onchocerciasis task forces (NOTFs)
to put together national plans and project proposals for onchocerciasis
control.
Rapid epidemiological mapping of onchocerciasis (REMO) in countries covered by APOC, 2008
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