WHO: Onchocerciasis loistauti jokisokeus vektorina kärpänen

 Päivitys tähän blogiin 12.1. 2018  WHO ohjelmista

http://www.who.int/apoc/en/

•  Onkokerkiaasi eli jokisokeus on  loistauti,jota kuljettaa  joen varsilla ilmenevä mäkäräislaji  Simulium. Loinen aiheuttaa sokeutta ja myös kutisevaa depigmentoivaa ihotautia. Sitä esiintyy sub-Saharan alueella, Jemenissä ja Latinalaisessa Amerikassa.

• APOC
• Onchocerciasis
• Community-directed treatment
• Sustainability and ownership

• African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC)

• Publications
• Monitoring and evaluation
• Vector elimination
• Country profiles
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• Links

Onchocerciasis

 

• Onchocerciasis – or 'river blindness' – is a parasitic disease caused by the filarial worm Onchocerca volvulus. It is transmitted through the bites of infected Simulium blackflies, which breed in fast-flowing streams and rivers.Onchocerciasis is a major cause of blindness in many African countries. About half a million people are blind or visually impaired due to the disease. Onchocerciasis also causes ugly skin disease with depigmentation and severe unrelenting itching. As a public health problem, the disease is most closely associated with sub-Saharan Africa, but it is also prevalent in Yemen and Latin America. In the past, fear of blindness led people to move away from the fertile river valleys in the African savannah, reducing agricultural productivity and increasing poverty.

• Mikä on tämän onchocerca-loisen elinsykli? 

 Se siirtyy ihmisestä ihmiseen mäkäräisen pureman kautta. Animaatiofilmi selvittää sen kiertokulkua ja leviämistä.  se johtaa  usein sokeuteen ihomuutosten lisäksi. 

 Animated life-cycle of Onchocerca volvulus
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhym5SfWrWE

 http://www.who.int/apoc/onchocerciasis/lifecycle/en/

• Miten tällaista tautia voidaan alkaa voittaa?

 Paikallisväestön informointi on  perustavaa laatua oleva asia,  samoin apukeinojen antaminen kuten lääkkeen jako. Tässä kerrotaan ivermetin nimisen lääkkeen jakamisesta kylissä.

Community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI)

Helping communities help themselves

APOC

Trained volunteers distribute ivermectin in a village in Nkom, Cameroon

Community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) is at the heart of APOC’s work to eliminate onchocerciasis. The strategy relies on active community participation. It focuses on empowering communities to take responsibility for ivermectin delivery – deciding how, when and by whom the ivermectin treatment should be administered.
In the rural populations of sub-Saharan Africa where health systems are weak and under-resourced, the community-directed treatment strategy is proving to be one of Africa’s most successful in reducing disease at low cost.

• Vektorimäkäräisen eliminointi on kallis strategia.  Kolmena vuonna tuhottiin toukkia Tansaniassa, Quineassa ja Ugandassa ja se ohjelma päättyi  2005 ja tilannetta seurataan.
  

Vector elimination

In Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, and Equatorial Guinea, there are four areas where mass treatment for onchocerciasis has been supplemented by activities to eliminate the blackfly vector. Elsewhere in APOC countries, vector control is not feasible or cost-effective, but in these four isolated foci, vector elimination is a realistic target.
The vector control method of choice has been ground larviciding using environmentally safe insecticides. In all four areas, larviciding activities continued for two to three years and finished by 2005. APOC is now monitoring the areas and providing support for entomological surveillance to confirm the elimination of the onchocerciasis vector.

• Minkälainen on onchocerciasiksen esiintymäkartta Afrikassa?
• 99% tapauksista esiintyy Afrikan mantereella ja siellä 30 eri maassa.  Jokin focus löytyy Jemenistä ja Keski ja Etelä Amerikastakin. Tauti on nyt kartoitettu globaalisti hyvin, joten on luotavissa kansalliset ohjelmat taudin hallintaan
  

 http://www.who.int/apoc/onchocerciasis/status/en/

Status of onchocerciasis in APOC countries

More than 99% of all cases of onchocerciasis and onchocerciasis-related blindness are found in Africa. Onchocerciasis occurs in 30 African countries. Isolated foci also exist in Yemen, and six countries in central and South America.
By 2007 rapid epidemiological mapping of onchocerciasis (REMO) had been totally or largely completed in all APOC countries. The results of REMO enable the national onchocerciasis task forces (NOTFs) to put together national plans and project proposals for onchocerciasis control.

Rapid epidemiological mapping of onchocerciasis (REMO) in countries covered by APOC, 2008

RELATED LINKS

• Rapid epidemiological mapping of onchocerciasis (REMO)