INFEKTIOISTA: Rickettsia uutiset

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Select item 280893501.

Rickettsia prowazekii methionine aminopeptidase as a promising target for the development of antibacterial agents.

Helgren TR, Chen C, Wangtrakuldee P, Edwards TE, Staker BL, Abendroth J, Sankaran B, Housley NA, Myler PJ, Audia JP, Horn JR, Hagen TJ.

Bioorg Med Chem. 2016 Nov 10. pii: S0968-0896(16)31158-0. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.013. [Epub ahead of print]

PMID:: 28089350

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Select item 274046642.

Rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases in Croatia: Implications for travel medicine.

Dzelalija B, Punda-Polic V, Medic A, Dobec M.

Travel Med Infect Dis. 2016 Sep - Oct;14(5):436-443. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.06.010. Review.

Abstract AIM:To review the current state of knowledge concerning rickettsiae and rickettsioses in Croatia and to discuss their implications for travellers. METHODS: The PubMed database was searched from 1991 to 2015 by combining the words "rickettsia," "rickettsiosis", "travellers" and "Croatia". RESULTS: Since 1969, Croatia appears to be free of epidemic typhus (ET) caused by Rickettsia prowazekii and the last case of Brill-Zinsser disease was recorded in 2008. Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) caused by Rickettsia conorii is the most frequent human rickettsial infection in Croatia, followed by murine typhus caused by Rickettsia typhi. Human cases of MSF and murine typhus have been predominantly observed along the eastern Adriatic coast from Zadar to Dubrovnik and between Zadar and Split, respectively. Rickettsia akari, etiologic agent of rickettsialpox, was isolated from blood of a patient diagnosed with MSF in Zadar, but no cases of rickettsialpox were reported. Several species of pathogenic (Rickettsia slovaca, Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Ricketsia helvetica, and Ricketsia raoultii) and species of undetermined pathogenicity (Ricketsia hoogstraalii sp. nov.) rickettsiae were identified in ticks collected in different ecological regions of Croatia. A search of the literature revealed no evidence of rickettsial infection in travellers visiting Croatia. Three imported cases of Rickettsia africae were observed in travellers returning from South Africa. CONCLUSION: Rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases continue to be present in Croatia. As they can be acquired while travelling, physicians should consider rickettsial infection in the differential diagnosis of patients returning from Croatia and presenting with febrile illness.

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Select item 277267803.

The History of Epidemic Typhus.

Angelakis E, Bechah Y, Raoult D.

Microbiol Spectr. 2016 Aug;4(4). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.PoH-0010-2015.

Epidemic typhus caused by Rickettsia prowazekii is one of the oldest pestilential diseases of humankind. The disease is transmitted to human beings by the body louse Pediculus humanus corporis and is still considered a major threat by public health authorities, despite the efficacy of antibiotics, because poor sanitary conditions are conducive to louse proliferation. Epidemic typhus has accompanied disasters that impact humanity and has arguably determined the outcome of more wars than have soldiers and generals. The detection, identification, and characterization of microorganisms in ancient remains by paleomicrobiology has permitted the diagnosis of past epidemic typhus outbreaks through the detection of R. prowazekii. Various techniques, including microscopy and immunodetection, can be used in paleomicrobiology, but most of the data have been obtained by using PCR-based molecular techniques on dental pulp samples. Paleomicrobiology enabled the identification of the first outbreak of epidemic typhus in the 18th century in the context of a pan-European great war in the city of Douai, France, and supported the hypothesis that typhus was imported into Europe by Spanish soldiers returning from America. R. prowazekii was also detected in the remains of soldiers of Napoleon's Grand Army in Vilnius, Lithuania, which indicates that Napoleon's soldiers had epidemic typhus. The purpose of this article is to underscore the modern comprehension of clinical epidemic typhus, focus on the historical relationships of the disease, and examine the use of paleomicrobiology in the detection of past epidemic typhus outbreaks.

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Select item 276960114.

Comparative evaluation of two Rickettsia typhi-specific quantitative real-time PCRs for research and diagnostic purposes.

Papp S, Rauch J, Kuehl S, Richardt U, Keller C, Osterloh A.

Med Microbiol Immunol. 2017 Feb;206(1):41-51. doi: 10.1007/s00430-016-0480-z.

PMID:: 27696011

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Select item 274747385.

Structural Insights into Substrate Recognition and Catalysis in Outer Membrane Protein B (OmpB) by Protein-lysine Methyltransferases from Rickettsia.

Abeykoon AH, Noinaj N, Choi BE, Wise L, He Y, Chao CC, Wang G, Gucek M, Ching WM, Chock PB, Buchanan SK, Yang DC.

J Biol Chem. 2016 Sep 16;291(38):19962-74. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M116.723460.

PMID:: 27474738

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Select item 273755816.

Identification and Characterization of Novel Small RNAs in Rickettsia prowazekii.

Schroeder CL, Narra HP, Sahni A, Rojas M, Khanipov K, Patel J, Shah R, Fofanov Y, Sahni SK.

Front Microbiol. 2016 Jun 8;7:859. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00859.

PMID:: 27375581

Free PMC Article

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Select item 273579837.

Development of a novel Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay for Rickettsia spp.

Hanaoka N, Matsutani M, Satoh M, Ogawa M, Shirai M, Ando S.

Jpn J Infect Dis. 2016 Jun 30. [Epub ahead of print]

PMID:: 27357983

Free Article

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Select item 273070728.

Molecular mimicry and autoimmune thyroid disease.

Benvenga S, Guarneri F.

Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2016 Jun 15. [Epub ahead of print] Review.

PMID:: 27307072

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Select item 271590399.

Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Infections Among Urban Homeless and Marginalized People in the United States and Europe, 1990-2014.

Leibler JH, Zakhour CM, Gadhoke P, Gaeta JM.

Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2016 Jul;16(7):435-44. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1863.

INTRODUCTION: In high-income countries, homeless individuals in urban areas often live in crowded conditions with limited sanitation and personal hygiene. The environment of homelessness in high-income countries may result in intensified exposure to ectoparasites and urban wildlife, which can transmit infections. To date, there have been no systematic evaluations of the published literature to assess vector-borne and zoonotic disease risk to these populations. OBJECTIVES: The primary objectives of this study were to identify diversity, prevalence, and risk factors for vector-borne and zoonotic infections among people experiencing homelessness and extreme poverty in urban areas of high-income countries. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and narrative synthesis of published epidemiologic studies of zoonotic and vector-borne infections among urban homeless and very poor people in the United States and Europe from 1990 to 2014. RESULTS: Thirty-one observational studies and 14 case studies were identified (n = 45). Seroprevalence to the human louse-borne pathogen Bartonella quintana (seroprevalence range: 0-37.5%) was identified most frequently, with clinical disease specifically observed among HIV-positive individuals. Seropositivity to Bartonella henselae (range: 0-10.3%) and Rickettsia akari (range: 0-16.2%) was noted in multiple studies. Serological evidence of exposure to Rickettsia typhi, Rickettsia prowazekii, Bartonella elizabethae, West Nile virus, Borellia recurrentis, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Wohlfartiimonas chitiniclastica, Seoul hantavirus (SEOV), and Leptospira species was also identified in published studies, with SEOV associated with chronic renal disease later in life. HIV infection, injection drug use, and heavy drinking were noted across multiple studies as risk factors for infection with vector-borne and zoonotic pathogens. CONCLUSIONS: B. quintana was the most frequently reported vector-borne infection identified in our article. Delousing efforts and active surveillance among HIV-positive individuals, who are at elevated risk of complication from B. quintana infection, are advised to reduce morbidity. Given documented exposure to rodent-borne zoonoses among urban homeless and marginalized people, reducing human contact with rodents remains an important public health priority.

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Select item 2707432710.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO RICKETTSIOSES RESEARCH IN COLOMBIA (1917-1943), LUIS B. PATIÑO CAMARGO.

Faccini-Martínez ÁA, Botero-García CA, Hidalgo M.

Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2016;58:33. doi: 10.1590/S1678-9946201658033.

PMID:: 27074327

Free PMC Article

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Select item 2667918512.

Bacterial small RNAs in the Genus Rickettsia.

Schroeder CL, Narra HP, Rojas M, Sahni A, Patel J, Khanipov K, Wood TG, Fofanov Y, Sahni SK.

BMC Genomics. 2015 Dec 18;16:1075. doi: 10.1186/s12864-015-2293-7.

Rickettsia prowazekii, the causative agent of epidemic typhus, is an obligate intracellular bacterium that replicates only within the cytosol of a eukaryotic host cell. Despite the barriers to genetic manipulation that such a life style creates, rickettsial mutants have been generated by transposon insertion as well as by homologous recombination mechanisms. However, progress is hampered by the length of time required to identify and isolate R. prowazekii transformants. To reduce the time required and variability associated with propagation and harvesting of rickettsiae for each transformation experiment, characterized frozen stocks were used to generate electrocompetent rickettsiae. Transformation experiments employing these rickettsiae established that fluorescent rickettsial populations could be identified using a fluorescence activated cell sorter within one week following electroporation. Early detection was improved with increasing amounts of transforming DNA. In addition, we demonstrate that heterogeneous populations of rickettsiae-infected cells can be sorted into distinct sub-populations based on the number of rickettsiae per cell. Together our data suggest the combination of fluorescent reporters and cell sorting represent an important technical advance that will facilitate isolation of distinct R. prowazekii mutants and allow for closer examination of the effects of infection on host cells at various infectious burdens. Free PMC Article

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Select item 2647043113.

[BRILL-ZINSER DISEASE AS A CONSEQUENCE OF RICKETTSIA PROWAZEKII PERSISTENCE IN PREVIOUSLY ILL WHO HAVE HAD EPIDEMIC TYPHUS (EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASPECTS)].

Tarasevich IV, Shpynov SN, Pantyukhina AN.

Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2015 Jul-Aug;(4):118-24. Review. Russian.

PMID:: 26470431

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Select item 2639215814.

A New Clade of African Body and Head Lice Infected by Bartonella quintana and Yersinia pestis-Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Drali R, Shako JC, Davoust B, Diatta G, Raoult D.

Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015 Nov;93(5):990-3. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0686.

PMID:: 26392158

Free PMC Article

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Select item 2638481415.

Rickettsioses in Europe.

Portillo A, Santibáñez S, García-Álvarez L, Palomar AM, Oteo JA.

Microbes Infect. 2015 Nov-Dec;17(11-12):834-8. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2015.09.009. Review.

Bacteria of the genera Rickettsia and Orientia (family rickettsiaceae, order rickettsiales) cause rickettsioses worldwide, and are transmitted by lice, fleas, ticks and mites. In Europe, only Rickettsia spp. cause rickettsioses. With improvement of hygiene, the risk of louse-borne rickettsiosis (epidemic typhus) is low in Europe. Nevertheless, recrudescent form of Rickettsia prowazekii infection persists. There could be an epidemic typhus outbreak if a body lice epidemic occurs under unfavorable sanitary conditions. In Europe, endemic typhus or Rickettsia typhi infection, transmitted by rats and fleas, causes febrile illness. At the beginning of this century, flea-borne spotted fever cases caused by Rickettsia felis were diagnosed. Flea-borne rickettsiosis should be suspected after flea bites if fever, with or without rash, is developed. Tick-borne rickettsioses are the main source of rickettsia infections in Europe. Apart from Rickettsia conorii, the Mediterranean Spotted Fever (MSF) agent, other Rickettsia spp. cause MSF-like: Rickettsia helvetica, Rickettsia monacensis, Rickettsia massiliae or Rickettsia aeschlimannii. In the 1990s, two 'new' rickettsioses were diagnosed: Lymphangitis Associated Rickettsiosis (LAR) caused by Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae, and Tick-Borne Lymphadenopathy/Dermacentor-Borne-Necrosis-Erythema-Lymphadenopathy/Scalp Eschar Neck Lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA/DEBONEL/SENLAT), caused by Rickettsia slovaca, Candidatus Rickettsia rioja and Rickettsia raoultii. Lastly, European reports about mite-borne rickettsiosis are scarce.

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Select item 2629182216.

Which Way In? The RalF Arf-GEF Orchestrates Rickettsia Host Cell Invasion.

Rennoll-Bankert KE, Rahman MS, Gillespie JJ, Guillotte ML, Kaur SJ, Lehman SS, Beier-Sexton M, Azad AF.

PLoS Pathog. 2015 Aug 20;11(8):e1005115. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005115.